Bio · Pillar
BioTech & Neurotech
Organoids, gene tools, neuromodulation — biology as programmable substrate.
Brain organoids and the sentience debate
Lab-grown neural tissue that exhibits complex activity — and an ethics literature asking when a dish deserves moral consideration.
Optogenetics — writing into circuits with light
The method that gave systems neuroscience a high-speed write channel — and the template for every later neuromodulation modality.
Allen Institute — cell types and brain maps
Public atlases of cell types, connectivity, and multimodal brain data — infrastructure for the next decade of neurotech.